Electronics Theory
Fundamental laws and principles that govern electronic circuits
Ohm's Law
The current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
V = I × R
Where:
- V = Voltage (Volts)
- I = Current (Amperes)
- R = Resistance (Ohms)
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
The sum of all electrical potential differences around any closed network is zero.
ΣV = 0 (around any closed loop)
Key points:
- Energy is conserved in electric circuits
- The algebraic sum of voltage drops equals the algebraic sum of emfs
- Essential for analyzing series circuits
Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)
The algebraic sum of currents entering any node is zero.
ΣIin = ΣIout
Key points:
- Charge is conserved in electric circuits
- Current entering a junction must equal current leaving
- Essential for analyzing parallel circuits
Power Law
The power dissipated by an electrical component is the product of the voltage across it and the current through it.
P = V × I = I² × R = V² / R
Where:
- P = Power (Watts)
- V = Voltage (Volts)
- I = Current (Amperes)
- R = Resistance (Ohms)